ASHVAST Explained: How Indian Army’s New Facility Will Test Security and Cyber Resilience of Military Electronics and Drones
AASHVAST Facility: Electronic systems, sensors, communication networks, drones and software in the modern war have become an important part of the strength of any army. If any weakness in these systems is hidden or the enemy is affected by cyber attack, the entire military operation may be at risk.
Taking into account the same challenge, the Indian Army Chief General Endurance Seth recently inaugurated a special facility named "Host" (AASHVAST). Its full name is Assessment and Analysis of Electronic Systems Hardware for Vulnerability and Security Threts. This facility will examine the important electronic systems of the Army on which the mission’s success and safety of the soldiers depend on
What is AASHVAST facility?
Convincing Indian Army The headquarters of TG Group have developed. It aims to assess the safety, reliability and robustness of mission-critical military electronics.
Understand in simple terms, this feature will detect how safe the electronic equipment, communication systems, sensors, control units, processors and other hardware used in the military are against any cyber attack, tamper or technical weakness.
There are thousands of electronic parts engaged in any modern military platform today. One of these can influence the enemy whole system by taking advantage of a weak part. Reassuring work is to identify such weaknesses already.
Depending on Electronics Army
The war for a few years ago was imposed by the number of arms and soldiers. But now the circumstances have changed. today army command and control system, radar, drone, Missile Guidance, navigation systems and communication networks are totally dependent on electronics.
If the control system of a drone is hacked, the hidden backdoor is activated in a sensor or the communication network is interrupted, the mission may be affected.
That’s why the world’s large forces are now giving cyber security and hardware security as much as possible as a waiver system.
Many important beliefs found to convince
Reassurance has also received recognition from many important institutions. Assure has got the status of Centre of Excellence by Meity-NICSI listing, NABL accreditation and MSDE Skill India.
This means that the investigations and tests occurring here will be made in accordance with the prescribed technical standards. Also, this facility will play a role in creating expert HR for the Defence sector.
Why is it important for Drone Sector?
The use of drones in Indian Army, Naval and Air Force is increasing rapidly. The drones in monitoring, towright missions, target recognition, communication and many other functions are playing Ahmad roles.
But the real strength of a drone is not just its flight capacity. The flight controllers, processors, sensors, navigation modules, communication systems, firmware and software installed within it are equally important.
The complete system can come at risk if there is any technical weakness or supply chain is not safe.
That is why defence experts believe that the scope of convenience such as convincing should also be extended to the military drone ecosystem.
Need to move from White Label to White Listings
Several platforms are prepared under "Make in India" in Indian Defence Sector. While many times it happens that a product prepared by adding a foreign technique or foreign parts is introduced as an Indian product.
The formulas say that it is no longer enough to apply only the "Indian label". The need is of "White Listings", where the reliability and source of every critical technique is confirmed.
The army must be aware of where a processor that is built in a drone or military system, which of its software is in control and how safe its supply chain is.
Intensive technical checks of every military drone required
A National White List of Trusted Drone Platforms and Critical Components can be created in the future as per the formulas.
Under this, the flight controller, processor, sensor, communication system, navigation module, firmware, software and ISR payload of every military drone can be checked.
This will ensure how safe the system is against cyber attacks, Electronic Warfare There is no hidden weakness in the situation of how it will work and inside it.
emphasis on "Trusted by design" model
The aim of convincing is to create a defense technology ecosystem that has been designed reliably from the beginning.
This model includes Indigenous Design Authority, Control on IPR Rights, Safe Supply Chain, Right to Source Code and the ability to upgrade the system in India. which is called "Trusted by design" approach in the defense sector.
Steps linked to Self-sufficient India and Technology Sovereignty
The assured facility is being considered to be an initiative to strengthen the defence dimension of self-sufficient India campaign.
The focus is not only on assembly in India but on developing technology in India, checking its safety and establishing complete control over it.
Because the actual technical strength of any country is assumed when it maintains complete control over the design, software, hardware and supply chain of its critical military system. (AASHVAST Facility)
DRDO-ADA Revises AMCA RFP: Major Changes in Testing Infrastructure, Insurance Rules and Payment Structure (Image for representational purpose only. AI-Generated Image)
AMCA RFP Changes: Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) has made several necessary modifications in India’s most ambitious fighter aircraft program Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA). ADA has included several technical and commercial changes in the RFP of AMCA. However, there is no change in the project completion time, five flying prototypes and 1800 flight sorting trial programs.
AMCA India’s first indigenous fifth generation stalth fighter aircraft will be. It is designed by ADA while industry partners will join its manufacturing, integration, testing and certification support. In May 2026, the Ministry of Defence released RFP for this project.
AMCA RFP Changes: First Large Change: Added Lightning Test Rig
The most important technical change in this is to include the Lightning Test Rig. The testing decisions prepared for the 24th month in the Oriental RFP included only the mobile EMI/EMC rig. Now the new modification has also added the Lightning Test Rig with the mobile EMI/EMC rig.
Modern fighter planes have a large amount of electronic systems. These include mission computers, flight control systems, AESA radar, data links, sensors and electronic warfare systems. If electricity falls on the plane during flight, these systems may have severe impact.
Lightning Test Rig is used to check how safe the aircraft structure and its electronic systems remain in a situation such as power drop. This test is especially considered important for stalth aircraft as they use a large-scale composite material and complex electronic network.
AMCA This test certification process is being considered to be the important part of the radar absorbing material, digital avionics and comprehensive composite structure. (AMCA RFP Changes)
Changes to Deliverables List
The deliverables section is also updated in new modifications. Some toolings and jigs’ entry was repetitive in the Oriental RFP. The entry linked to vertical tail assembly and sub-assembly jigs has been sysmaticized in particular.
The list of all the testing decisions in the revision is clearly given that the industry partner has to devalue.
These include dynamometer, ECS rig, fuel rig, ifast, mobile EMI/EMC rig, Lightning Test Rig, AHMI rig, UATS, half wing test rig and rainwater test rig.
Sources say ADA wants to create a comprehensive ground testing infrastructure for AMCA to cater to all major systems before the flight trials begin.
Rules for Free Issue Materials
The third major change is linked to Free Issue Materials i.e. FIM. FIM is a material that provides the ADA industry partner. Aurizal RFP had provision of comprehensive insurance cover for these materials. i. Get insurance coverage in case of loss of material.
But the revised rules have been changed. Now ADA will cover FIM insurance only during transit. After which the insurance cover will be availed from the ADA of Material to the Industry Partner.
Subsequently, the responsibility of the material’s safety, storage, maintenance and use will be of the industry partner.
If a material suffers from mishandling, improper storage or lack of maintenance, it may have to be repaid to a repair or replacement cost industry partner. (AMCA RFP Changes)
Changes to Payment System
Changes have also been made to the Milestone Based Payment System in new modifications. The first few tasks were placed in the same payment category, but now they are divided into different parts.
The percentage of payment of multiple works completed for the 24th month as an example has been set differently. This will make cash flow management more systematic for industry partners.
Also the provisions associated with the Performance Low Warranty Bank Guarantee have been revised.
Five per cent of the bank guarantee was to be maintained during the entire project period under the Oriental RFP. The revised regulations have stated that the bank guarantee will be reduced to the ratio of the warranty part two months after the project is completed. This will reduce the financial burden on industry partners to some extent. (AMCA RFP Changes)
Also, another significant change in modification is linked to the price adjustment.
The first cost increase was to be calculated based on consumer price index for industrial workers. Now it has been changed to the Wholesale Price Index Based System. Similarly the provisions associated with the prototype maintenance cost have also been amended. (AMCA RFP Changes)
What is AMCA Project?
Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft is a twin engine, multi-roll and low-observable stalth fighter jet. It is being paved by taking into account the future needs of Indian Air Force. The aircraft will include stalth design, internal vanity bay, advanced AESA radar, sensor fusion, electronic warfare suit and modern avionics systems. AMCA in Mark1 GE F414 The engine is planned to be used.
AMCA will include advanced AESA radar, infrared search and track system, electronic warfare suit, safe data link and sensor fusion technology.
Large panoramic display, helmet mounted display and modern mission computers will be installed in the aircraft’s digital cockpit. Fly-by-wire technology and AI base assists system will also be part of it.
Approximately 1800 flight sorting tests will be carried out on the aircraft as per RFP. Ground Test Rigs, Structural Test Facility, EMI-EMC test arrangements and telemetry systems will be developed for this.
According to RFP, the industry partner has to prepare five flying prototypes and a structural test spacemen. Also, many ground test rigs, jigs, fixtures and testing decisions have to be developed. The total duration of the project is 84 months set. (AMCA RFP Changes)
No change in time
No change has been made in the original timelines of the project in new amendments. The first flight of the first prototype according to the scheme is proposed in the 30th month, in the 37th month of the second, in the 46th month of the third, in the 52nd month of the fourth and in the 64th month of the fifth. Similarly, a test programme of up to 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 and 1800 flight sorting has also been placed in the same way. (AMCA RFP Changes)
DRDO strategics: DRDO has sought applications from private companies for future development and production programs involving missile and bomb wastage systems. The initiative has been introduced under the Director General of DRDO (Michels and Strategic Systems) i.e. DG (MSS) cluster. The Hyderabad-based Research Centre building (RCI) has released the Exploration of Interest (EOI).
This cluster works on several major strategic missile projects in India. These include ballistic missiles, submarine missile systems and other strategic weapons.
So far, the production of such weapons mainly carried out public sector companies. But under the new system, private industries will also be able to partner in the process of development to mass production.
DRDO strategic weapons: What is DG (MSS) Cluster?
DG MSS i.e. Director General (Miscells & Strategic Systems) DRDOThe most important of the technology cluster is considered. It is headquartered in Hyderabad.
Under this cluster, major laboratories such as Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Research Centre Building (RCI), Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL), Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) and Integrated Test Range (ITR).
The Institute develops country’s missile technology, guiding system, navigation, proption, warhead, launcher and command and control system.
What does DRDO want?
Various missiles and future missiles under this initiative of DRDO Bomb Weapon Qualified private companies will be identified for system projects.
These companies will be made Development Low Production Partner i.e. DCPP. The shortlisted companies will be selected afterwards when RFP for a particular missile or weapon project.
DRDO seeks that the industry is not limited to production but also handles responsibilities such as design support, integration, trial, documentation, supply chain and life cycle support. (DDO Capitals)
Which companies will get a chance?
DRDO has clarified that only Indian companies can participate in this process. The Company must have an industrial license for defence production. The PESO license will also be required for the storage and operation of explosives with it.
If a company does not have a few licenses right now, it must be assured of securing them within the prescribed time frame.
Financial Qualification
DRDO has not only considered technical capacity but also significant financial strength. The minimum annual turnover of the company should be Rs 100 crore as per EOI. Networth of the company should be at least Rs.34 crore or more than 5 per cent of the proposed project value.
The company has been in profit for at least two years in the last five years. Also, at least BBB ratings are required from the Crisil, ICRA or equivalent agency. (DDO Capitals)
Two companies will be selected for every project
DRDO has adopted a new model. Under this, partners will usually be selected for two developments and production for each project.
Both companies will form prototypes together with DRDO. The test will also play their role in mass production after successful. At the same time it will also make competition in companies and promote production efficiency.
Which abilities will be examined?
The Expert Committee of the DRDO will make a detailed assessment of the technical capacity of the companies. Companies must have experience of missile integration, testing, quality assurance and system engineering.
Specially Radio Frequency SeekerCompanies specializing in areas such as infrared imaging securer, embedded system, control system, software development and airuniformness qualification can benefit.
Further production facilities, environmental testing lab, EMI-EMC test facility, mechanical workshop and mass production capacity will also be seen.
While the expert team of DRDO will also visit the factories and facilities of companies. The team will check whether the company has the necessary machinery, technical experts, security systems and production capacity.
The final shortlist will be prepared based on the same assessment. (DDO Capitals)
What will be the role of the private industry in missile construction?
Selected companies will not only supply parts. They must deploy engineers and technicians in the projects of DRDO. They will prepare integration tools, jigs, handling equipment and production documents.
In addition, they will participate in the testing process, manage the supply chain and provide maintenance and technical support after the production starts.
They can also be given responsibility for system support during the entire life cycle. (DDO Capitals)
Transfer of Technology will also get
DRDO has said in EOI that the selected partners will be made available Transfer of Technology i.e. TOT. The TOT will be on non-spacific base, i.e. more than one companies will take advantage of it.
However additional government clearance will be required for the techniques associated with explosives and propelants. (DDO Capitals)
Why Did Indian Army Get Damaged? Inside the New Repair Contract for Two Accidental Purpose only.
Indian Army Heron Drone Repair: Indian Army has released new RFP for repairing its two crashed Heron Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS). Heron drones of the army were damaged due to hitting the runway sign. The Integrated HQ of MOD of the Ministry of Defence has released RFP to re-operate these two platforms.
Interestingly, the Indian Army had also released separate RFP for repairing three other crashed Heron drones at the beginning of the same year.
Indian Army Heron Drone Repair: What is the complete case?
Both HeronRPAS were hit by the sign board engaged at the runway at any time. The Army has decided to work through the Israeli parent equipment manufacturer (OEM) IAI’s slate division and its Indian collaborative company LCOM for this repair work. Maret Heron Drone is a family-origin manufacturing unit, while Elcom sees its maintenance, repair and overhaul work in India.
What will be the drone repair?
The RFP mentions two separate platforms. The first Herron RPA damages the central wing, flaps, outboard wing, alron and other structural parts. Structural repairs, ground extension test providers and functional checks will be flightd on this platform.
The fuselage, wings, engine couplings and other structural parts of the second Heron RPA have been damaged. Serviceable engine will be applied after engine overhaul in this drone. The new propeller will also be applied and then the entire platform will be integrated and tested.
Ground test, weight and balance check, performance test flight and on-site extension flight test will be mandatory after both repair.
Why are Heron Drones important?
Heron RPAS is an important part of the Indian Army’s Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconciliation capabilities. The Israeli Aerospace Industries has paved and Indian forces have been using them for more than two decades.
Heron MK-2 drone also played a significant ISR role in operation shifter.
After the Cargill War, the need for better monitoring was felt in border areas. Subsequently, the Indian Army, Air Force and Naval joined the Heron Drone in its fleet. Over time these platforms were used for monitoring in LAC, Loc and other sensitive areas.
Increased both the number and capacity of these over time. The first Heron MK-1 version covers more advanced Heron MK-2, today and later. Heron MK-2 has facilities like Satellite Communication, Long Flight Capacity and Better Sensor.
Heron is a Medium Altitude Long Endurance i.e. MALE category drone. Modern versions can fly up to 35,000 feet and stay in the air for more than 45 hours. These can be applied electro-optical sensors, infrared cameras, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and signal intelligence equipment. That’s why the heroine drone is considered to be extremely useful to raise border monitoring and intelligence.
Work will be completed in six months
The contract must be completed within six months from the date of being effective as per RFP. The delivery will be on the DDP basis, i.e. the drones will be transported to the said place of the Indian Army after repair.
Why does accidents cause anxiety?
Although the Heron drones have been being used in operation for a long time, there have been many accidents over the past few years. During nearly 23 years of operation, Indian Heron fleet has suffered about 14 accidents.
Also in 2025 Heron MK-2 Drones were crashed during regular flights and landings. In such events often damage important parts such as wing, engine, landing gear and airframe. They cannot be repaired at a normal level and require original manufacturer or authorized technical partners.
the same year ago had also taken RFP
Indian Army Three Accidental Haron in January 2026 RPAS Also for the repair of RFP was released. New Central Wings were to be prepared during repairs. Central wing is the most important structural part of any drone, as the same ensures the aerodynamic stability and load carrying capacity of the entire platform.
Also the engine build-up assembly box was also to be reconstructed. This part establishes coordination between the engine and other systems and plays an important role in the performance of the drone.
Repair or change of critical parts such as landing gear was also part of the proposal. Landing gears are usually damaged first in hard landings or ground crashes.
How many are Heron Drones near the Indian Army?
The Indian forces have a huge fleet of Heron UAVs. India has got around 68 Heron drones so far.
Although some of these drones have been damaged or destroyed in the accidents from time to time. At least 12 Heron MK-1 drone accidents have been hunted by 2024 according to reports.
The Indian Army has more than 30 Heron MK-1 drones. These also include multiple drones deployed under the Eastern Command. Also the Army also included 4 Heron MK-2 drones to increase surveillance on China border in 2022.
The Indian Air Force also has a large part of the Heron MK-1 drone. With this, he has got at least 4 Heron MK-2 and the first additional MK-2 drone was also ordered.
The Indian Navy has about 8 Heron MK-1 drones used to monitor maritime surveillance and activities in the Indian Ocean region.
In 2020, India had accelerated the process of securing Heron MK-2 drones under emergency purchase after the event of the Galvan Valley. Afterwards, the number of these was increased. Indian Army Heron Drone Repair
Why Nepal Conferred the Honorary Rank of General on Indian Army Chief Gen Dhiraj Seth: The 76-Year-Old Military Tradition Explained
Honorary General Rank Nepal India: भारतीय सेना प्रमुख जनरल धीरज सेठ को सोमवार को नेपाल के राष्ट्रपति रामचंद्र पौडेल ने काठमांडू स्थित शीतल निवास में आयोजित विशेष समारोह में नेपाली सेना के मानद जनरल (ऑनरेरी जनरल) की रैंक प्रदान की। इस अवसर पर उन्हें पारंपरिक तलवार, रैंक इंसिग्निया और आधिकारिक प्रमाणपत्र भी सौंपा गया।
हालांकि कहने के लिए यह सम्मान केवल एक औपचारिक सैन्य समारोह है, लेकिन इसके पीछे भारत और नेपाल के बीच सात दशक से भी अधिक पुराना सैन्य इतिहास, रणनीतिक विश्वास और विशेष संबंध जुड़े हुए हैं। दुनिया में बहुत कम ऐसे उदाहरण मिलते हैं, जहां दो पड़ोसी देशों की सेनाएं एक-दूसरे के सेना प्रमुखों को अपनी सेना का मानद जनरल नियुक्त करती हों।
Honorary General Rank Nepal India: जनरल धीरज सेठ की नेपाल यात्रा
भारतीय सेना की ओर से जारी बयान के मुताबिक जनरल धीरज सेठ 17 से 19 अगस्त 2026 तक नेपाल की आधिकारिक यात्रा पर हैं।
इस दौरान उन्होंने नेपाल के शीर्ष सैन्य और राजनीतिक नेतृत्व से मुलाकात की। मानद जनरल की रैंक प्रदान किया जाना इस यात्रा का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कार्यक्रम रहा।
भारतीय सेना ने अपने बयान में कहा कि यह सम्मान केवल औपचारिकता नहीं, बल्कि दोनों सेनाओं के बीच पारस्परिक विश्वास, पेशेवर सम्मान और सैन्य भाईचारे की संस्थागत अभिव्यक्ति है।
काठमांडू में आयोजित समारोह ने एक बार फिर उस सैन्य परंपरा को दोहराया, जो दशकों से भारत और नेपाल के रक्षा संबंधों की पहचान बनी हुई है।
क्या है मानद जनरल की रैंक?
मानद जनरल की रैंक पूरी तरह से एक सेरेमोनियल सैन्य सम्मान है। इसका मतलब यह नहीं होता कि किसी देश का सेना प्रमुख दूसरे देश की सेना में कमांड संभाल सकता है या उसे वहां कोई सैन्य अधिकार मिल जाता है।
यह सम्मान दोनों सेनाओं के बीच विश्वास, पेशेवर सम्मान और लंबे समय से चले आ रहे रिश्तों का प्रतीक माना जाता है। इसी कारण नेपाल के सेना प्रमुख को भारतीय सेना का मानद जनरल बनाया जाता है और भारतीय सेना प्रमुख को नेपाली सेना का। (Honorary General Rank Nepal India)
17 अगस्त को हुए समारोह में जनरल धीरज सेठ को यही सम्मान प्रदान किया गया।
🇮🇳🇳🇵 General Dhiraj Seth Conferred Honorary Rank of General of the Nepali Army
In a significant symbol of the enduring India–Nepal military partnership, General Dhiraj Seth, Chief of the Army Staff, Indian Army, was conferred the Honorary Rank of General of the Nepali Army by… pic.twitter.com/FFsYN8y5Sv
इस परंपरा की जड़ें भारत और नेपाल के ऐतिहासिक संबंधों में हैं। जुलाई 1950 में भारत और नेपाल के बीच शांति एवं मैत्री संधि पर हस्ताक्षर हुए थे। इसी दौर में दोनों देशों ने सैन्य संबंधों को भी नई दिशा दी।
नेपाल ने सबसे पहले 1952 में भारतीय सेना प्रमुख जनरल केएम करियप्पा को मानद जनरल की रैंक प्रदान की थी।
उस समय नेपाल में राजनीतिक परिवर्तन का दौर चल रहा था और राणा शासन समाप्ति की ओर बढ़ रहा था। भारत और नेपाल दोनों ही नए संबंधों को संस्थागत रूप देने की कोशिश कर रहे थे। (Honorary General Rank Nepal India)
क्या भारत ने भी नेपाली सेना प्रमुख को दिया था सम्मान?
इस विषय पर अक्सर भ्रम देखने को मिलता है। राणा शासन के खत्म होने के बाद भारत ने नेपाल के राजाओं को मानद सैन्य रैंकदेना शुरू किया। 1950 के राजनीतिक बदलाव के बाद नेपाल सेना के प्रमुख बने कैसर शमशेर राणा और किरण शमशेर राणा भारत नहीं आए, इसलिए उन्हें यह सम्मान नहीं मिल सका। बाद में नेपाल सेना प्रमुख के रूप में तोरण शमशेर ने 1958 और निर शमशेर ने 1964 में भारत का दौरा किया, लेकिन उन्हें भी भारतीय सेना का मानद जनरल नहीं बनाया गया।
राजनीतिक बदलाव के बाद भारत ने पहले नेपाल के राजा त्रिभुवन और बाद में राजा महेंद्र को मानद सैन्य रैंक प्रदान की थी। लेकिन किसी सेवारत नेपाली सेना प्रमुख को भारतीय सेना का मानद जनरल बनाने की औपचारिक परंपरा बाद में स्थापित हुई। (Honorary General Rank Nepal India)
1969 में हुआ पहला पूर्ण पारस्परिक कदम
इस बीच 1960 में नेपाल ने स्वतंत्र भारत के दूसरे सेना प्रमुख जनरल के.एस. थिमैया को नेपाली सेना का मानद जनरल नियुक्त किया।
नेपाल सेना के प्रमुख के रूप में निर शमशेर राणा के बाद जनरल सुरेन्द्र बहादुर शाह नियुक्त हुए। वे 1966 में दो सप्ताह की भारत यात्रा पर आए थे, लेकिन तत्कालीन भारतीय प्रधानमंत्री लाल बहादुर शास्त्री के निधन के कारण उन्हें अपनी यात्रा बीच में ही छोड़कर नेपाल लौटना पड़ा।
इसके बाद दिसंबर 1969 में भारतीय सेना प्रमुख जनरल सैम मानेकशॉ के निमंत्रण पर जनरल सुरेन्द्र बहादुर शाह फिर भारत आए। वे भारतीय वायुसेना के विशेष विमान से 10 दिन की यात्रा पर नई दिल्ली पहुंचे। पालम हवाई अड्डे पर स्वयं जनरल मानेकशॉ ने उनका स्वागत किया और उन्हें गार्ड ऑफ ऑनर भी दिया गया।
दिल्ली पहुंचने के बाद जनरल शाह ने गांधी स्मारक पर श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित की। उसी शाम हैदराबाद हाउस में भारतीय सेना प्रमुख की ओर से उनके सम्मान में रात्रिभोज का आयोजन किया गया।
अगले दिन उन्होंने तत्कालीन रक्षा मंत्री सरदार स्वर्ण सिंह और रक्षा सचिव हरिश्चंद्र सरिन से मुलाकात की। इसी दिन राष्ट्रपति भवन में आयोजित विशेष समारोह में तत्कालीन राष्ट्रपति वी.वी. गिरि ने जनरल सुरेन्द्र बहादुर शाह को भारतीय सेना के मानद जनरल की रैंक, इंसिग्निया और तलवार प्रदान की।
राणा और शाह शासकों के दौर के बाद यह पहला अवसर था जब नेपाल सेना के किसी सेवारत प्रमुख को भारतीय सेना का मानद जनरल बनाया गया। उनके सम्मान में एक विशेष दोपहर भोज का भी आयोजन किया गया।
इस दौरान जनरल सुरेन्द्र बहादुर शाह ने भारतीय सेना प्रमुख जनरल सैम मानेकशॉ को स्मृति चिह्न के रूप में चांदी की एक खुकरी भेंट की। (मिलिट्री न्यूज, इंडिया वॉल्यूम 51, 28 दिसंबर, 1969)
जनरल शाह ने दिल्ली में दो दिन बिताए। इसके बाद उन्होंने जम्मू-कश्मीर, देहरादून और आगरा सहित कई सैन्य और ऐतिहासिक स्थलों का दौरा किया। अपनी 10 दिन की यात्रा पूरी करने के बाद वे दिसंबर 1969 में नेपाल लौट गए। यह यात्रा भारत और नेपाल की सेनाओं के बीच मानद जनरल की परंपरा को औपचारिक और मजबूत आधार देने वाली महत्वपूर्ण घटना मानी जाती है। (भारतीय सेना का 1 दिसंबर, 1969 का प्रेस वक्तव्य) (Honorary General Rank Nepal India)
विवादों में भी जारी रही यह परंपरा
भारत और नेपाल के संबंधों में समय-समय पर कई राजनीतिक उतार-चढ़ाव आए। 2015 का सीमा और आपूर्ति विवाद हो या अन्य कूटनीतिक मतभेद, लेकिन सैन्य स्तर पर यह परंपरा लगातार जारी रही।
उपलब्ध रिकॉर्ड के अनुसार पिछले करीब 76 वर्षों में यह सम्मान देने की प्रक्रिया कभी औपचारिक रूप से रुकी नहीं।
यही कारण है कि इसे दोनों देशों के बीच सबसे स्थायी और मजबूत संस्थागत संबंधों में से एक माना जाता है।
मानद जनरल की रैंक प्रदान करने के दौरान आमतौर पर एक औपचारिक सैन्य समारोह आयोजित किया जाता है।
इसमें संबंधित सेना प्रमुख को मानद रैंक का इंसिग्निया, आधिकारिक प्रमाणपत्र और पारंपरिक सैन्य तलवार प्रदान की जाती है। नेपाल में यह तलवार विशेष महत्व रखती है क्योंकि यह वहां की सैन्य परंपरा और गौरव का प्रतीक मानी जाती है।
17 अगस्त 2026 को जनरल धीरज सेठ को भी यही सम्मान दिया गया। (Honorary General Rank Nepal India)
भारत-नेपाल सैन्य संबंध इतने खास क्यों हैं?
भारत और नेपाल के सैन्य संबंध केवल औपचारिक रक्षा सहयोग तक सीमित नहीं हैं। दोनों देशों की सेनाओं के बीच लंबे समय से प्रशिक्षण, सैन्य अभ्यास, आपदा राहत और सीमा सुरक्षा को लेकर सहयोग चलता रहा है।
नेपाल की भौगोलिक स्थिति भी भारत के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है। नेपाल की लगभग 1,850 किलोमीटर लंबी सीमा भारत के पांच राज्यों—सिक्किम, पश्चिम बंगाल, बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश और उत्तराखंड—से लगती है।
खुली सीमा व्यवस्था के कारण दोनों देशों के लोगों के बीच भी गहरे सामाजिक और सांस्कृतिक संबंध हैं। (Honorary General Rank Nepal India)
गोरखा सैनिकों का भी है बड़ा योगदान
भारत और नेपाल के सैन्य रिश्तों की चर्चा गोरखा सैनिकों के बिना अधूरी मानी जाती है। दो सौ साल से अधिक समय से नेपाली मूल के गोरखा सैनिक विभिन्न सैन्य इकाइयों में सेवा देते रहे हैं। स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत, नेपाल और ब्रिटेन के बीच हुए त्रिपक्षीय समझौते के तहत भारतीय सेना में गोरखा भर्ती जारी रही।
हाल के वर्षों में अग्निपथ योजना लागू होने के बाद नेपाली नागरिकों की नई भर्ती प्रभावित हुई है, लेकिन गोरखा रेजिमेंटों का ऐतिहासिक महत्व आज भी बना हुआ है। (Honorary General Rank Nepal India)
Why Did Indian Navy Lease Two MQ-9B Sea Guardian Drones Buying 31 MQ-9Bs? Image for representational purpose only. AI-Generated Image
The Ministry of Defence has compromised the lease of two MQ-9B C Guardian High-Altitude Long-Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems for the Indian Navy with the US Company General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc (GA-ASI). The contract is about Rs 1,943 crore and has been taken on lease for 30 months i.e. two years.
MQ-9B Sea Guardian Lease Deal: What is MQ-9B C Guardian?
MQ-9B C. Guardian is counted in the world’s most advanced marine surveillance drone. It has been developed by the American company General Atomics. It is specially designed to monitor long distances in the marine area, raise intelligence and monitor dubious activities.
This is a high-altitude long-endurance platform. It can fly long at very high altitude. The drone can operate up to a height of about 40,000 feet and stay in air for 40 hours continuously.
It has a honeywell TPE331-10 turboprop engine with the help of which it can fly at a speed of more than 310 kilometers per hour.
Why did Nevy just need these drones?
To understand this deal, it is important to see the India-US drone agreement in 2024.
October 2024 India to US 31 MQ-9B Drone The purchase had compromised about $4 billion. These include 15 C Guardian Drone Naval, 8 Sky Guardian Thull Army and 8 Air Forces.
But the delivery of these drones is now the time. According to the sources, the first drone will get in January 2029, while the last drone will reach September 2030.
India has a large gap between just and 2029. Naval needs frequent monitoring in the Indian Ocean region. The Ministry of Defence decided to take two additional C Guardian drone leases to fill this gap.
This is an interim agreement that allows the Navy to get immediate capacity and not wait until 2029. Sea Guardian Lease Deal
Why does the Indian Ocean need to grow?
China’s naval activities have grown rapidly over the past few years in the Indian Ocean region. Chinese warships, survey ships, submarines and research ships are constantly visible in this area.
The Indian Ocean for India is an important area of trade, energy supply and strategic security not only the marine limits. It becomes necessary to maintain constant monitoring on the maritime area of thousands of kilometres.
MQ-9B C. Guardian As the role of the drone becomes significant. It can cover the vast marine area in the same mission and keep an eye on the target for several hours. Sea Guardian Lease Deal
India boosts maritime surveillance
MoD Signs ₹1,943 crore contract with General Atomics to lease two MQ-9B Sea Guardian HALE RPAS for the Indian Navy for 30 months.
The advanced drones will provide consistent ISR coverage, strengthening Maritime Domain awareness across the... pic.twitter.com/NOUBHpBIch
The biggest strength of the c guardian is its modern sensor and monitoring equipment.
It has been applied synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can also identify targets in clouds and bad weather.
Also Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) helps to identify sea-run vessels.
The drone also has electro-optical and infrared sensors (EO/IR), which can monitor both day and night time.
The automatic identification system (AIS) receiver is also present with it. It provides information on the identification, location, and movement of sea-run vessels.
With the help of all these systems, the navy can get information of maritime activities in real-time. Sea Guardian Lease Deal
The first time in 2020 was on Leiz
This is not the first time when Indian Navy MQ-9B C. Guardian using. In November 2020, India was the first two Sea Guardian drones for a year lease. These drones arrived in India in Mid November 2020 and were operational since 21 November 2020.
These are being operated from INS Rajali, Arakkonam (Tamil Nadu).
In the beginning, these lice was for a year, but later it was extended. According to the Navy, these drones have been completed over 15,000 flight hours so far.
This experience is also being considered a major cause of the new lease deal, as the Navy has already seen the potential and usefulness of this platform.
While the Indian Navy will have a total of four leased MQ-9B C Guardian drones at the moment after this new agreement. This will help the Navy simultaneously better monitor and maintain maritime domain awareness in both the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Bengal. As far as the lice of the old two drones is ending, their lice may possibly end around the end of 2027 or 2028. After this, the old drones will gradually go out of service and take the MQ-9B fleet purchased in place. Sea Guardian Lease Deal
Is Lease Deal expensive from purchase?
Many people may find this deal expensive because of only two drones in Rs 1,943 crore. But it will not be correct to compare it directly from the purchase.
Lease and purchase are two different models.
Lease does not only get drones, but also includes maintenance, spare parts, technical support, logistic support and other services. Drone’s Ownership company keeps near.
On the other hand, the platform permanently comes to India, but it has to spend different on maintenance and operation. So the cost of both is not directly compared. Sea Guardian Lease Deal
Hads hunted in 2024 Drone
MQ-9B C Guardian Drone, taken on a lease of Indian Navy on 18th September 2024, crashed in the Bay of Bengal near Chennai. This drone was flying on regular marine surveillance missions from INS Rajli Air Station, Arakkonam, Tamil Nadu. During the mission, the technical defects occurred in the drone. According to reports, the problem of power failure was born, which was tried to reset during flight, but the system could not return to normal state. The drone was completely destroyed and he was right-off, considering him out of service.
At that time, the Indian Navy had two C Guardian drones taken on lease, who had completed flight over 18,000 hours. Even after an accident, the navy’s monitoring capacity had not been affected for a long time, as under the Lease Agreement the U.S. company General Atomics soon provided a new replacement drone. By February 2025, this replacement drone got to the Indian Navy, thereby continuation of marine surveillance campaigns.
What will be the changes in marine surveillance?
Indian Navy has long been using P-8I Posden Marine Patrol aircraft. These are extremely capable platforms, but human crews are needed for every mission.
एमक्यू-9बी सी गार्डियन लंबे समय तक हवा में रह सकता है और लगातार निगरानी कर सकता है। इससे नौसेना को विशाल समुद्री क्षेत्रों में लगातार इंटेलिजेंस, सर्विलांस और रिकॉनिसेंस (ISR) कवरेज मिलती है।
यह संदिग्ध जहाजों, पनडुब्बियों की गतिविधियों, समुद्री मार्गों और रणनीतिक क्षेत्रों पर लगातार नजर रख सकता है। (MQ-9B Sea Guardian Lease Deal)
रक्षा खरीद प्रक्रिया में लीज मॉडल का बढ़ता इस्तेमाल
भारत की डिफेंस एक्विजिशन प्रोसीजर 2020 में पहली बार सैन्य प्लेटफॉर्म लीज पर लेने का विकल्प शामिल किया गया था।
इसका उद्देश्य ऐसी स्थितियों में तुरंत क्षमता हासिल करना है, जहां किसी बड़े प्लेटफॉर्म की खरीद में कई साल लग सकते हैं।
एमक्यू-9बी सी गार्डियन इसका सबसे प्रमुख उदाहरण है। 2020 में पहली लीज और 2026 में नई लीज डील इसी नीति के तहत हुई है।
इस मॉडल से सेना को जरूरी क्षमता जल्दी मिल जाती है, जबकि स्थायी खरीद की प्रक्रिया समानांतर रूप से चलती रहती है। (MQ-9B Sea Guardian Lease Deal)
AMCA sensing: India’s ambitious advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program took place on August 14. Reliance Industries Limited and UK Aerospace Veterans Company Rolls-Royce has announced strategic partnerships aimed at devloping indigenous Combat Engines for India.
Both companies have said they AMCA Program For a sovereign and indigenous fighter aircraft will proceed to the possibilities of working with the direction of engine design, development, manufacturing and delivery. The purpose of this partnership is not only to create an engine, but to create a complete aero-engine ecosystem in India.
The announcement took place at a time when India is looking for indigenous engines to develop the fifth generation steel fatter jet AMCA and the project is being counted in the country’s most important defense programs.
Why is it necessary for the AMCA network?
AMCAThe fifth generation steelth fighter plane being devloped by taking into account the future needs of Indian Air Force. This aircraft is being designed with low radar signature, long-distance marching capacity, advanced sensors and network-centric warfare capabilities.
At the moment the US company GE in the AMCA MK-1 version F-414 The engine plans to use. This engine produces about 98 kg of Newton Thrust.
Though more powerful engines will be needed for AMCA MK-2. According to experts, the engine with 110 to 130 kg of Newton class, i.e. about 120 kg of Newton or more thrust is being considered essential. The process of developing a new indigenous engine to meet the same need is ongoing.
Create Aerospace Gas Turbine Complex
Joint Statement stated that both companies have a dedicated in India "Aerospace Gas Turbine Complex"The possibilities of installing will consider.
It will be the Centre of Excellence of Complex Power and Propulation Technology. Here complete capabilities such as engine design, development, manufacturing, testing, production and life-cycle support will be paved.
According to the companies, this initiative is aimed at developing end-to-end aero engine capacity in India so that the country does not have to rely on external countries for critical military engine technologies in the future.
Anant Ambani, Executive Director of Reliance Industries, said that self-reliance is essential in critical techniques for India’s strategic autonomy.
He said Rolls-Royce A strong aero-engine ecosystem can be created in India by combining the engine technology and the ability to handle reliance, production and large projects.
Anant Ambani said that this initiative contributes towards the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s self-sufficient Pavilion India. (Academies)
Rolls-Royce reported big steps
Tufan Erginbilgich, CEO of Rolls-Royce PLC, told this partnership important for the aerospace sector of India.
He said Rolls-Royce has more than a century of advanced engineering and engine development. While Reliance joins India’s largest industrial groups. By combining the strength of both the self-sufficient aerospace ecosystem can be strengthened in the country.
Large combat in AMCA engine race
This declaration of Rolls-Royce has come in time when AMCA EngineGlobal competition is being considered at its last stage in the program.
France’s Travel Company has already proposed Joint Venture with Gas Turbine Research Assessment (GTRE). The defence sector is discussing that the neuraan proposal had reached quite close to government clearance.
On the other hand the American company GE was also initially involved in the race, but due to the cost of the F-414 engine and other issues his position was being weakened.
Rolls-Royce had also given a comprehensive proposal linked to 100 percent of technology transfer and intellectual property rights to India before. That’s why this new partnership is being considered critical in the AMCA engine program. (Academies)
Completely new engine design
The proposed engine will not be a Revitalized version of an old engine according to sources connected to the defence sector. It will be a "clean-sheet design", i.e. the new engine to be prepared from the beginning. It will be paved by taking into account the needs of AMCA in particular.
The initial thrust of the proposed engine can be placed between 110 to 120 kg of Newton. It is said that it can be upgraded to 140 kg of Newton in the future.
India also discusses design authority, configuration control and life-cycle ownership on this engine. (Academies)
What will be the aerospace gas turbine complex?
Rolls-Royce had placed the idea of the Aero Gas Turbine Complex in early 2026. Reliance is now linked as a potential industrial partner in this scheme.
This complex aims to deliver a full range of systems ranging from engine design to testing, production and maintenance.
Not only the defence sector, but also civil aviation, new power systems, and future propulsion techniques can be worked here. (Academies)
Increased presence in the Aerospace Sector of Reliance
Reliance is already active in the defence and aerospace sector. Several aerostructures of Rafael and Falcon 2000 aircraft are prepared through the Teno Reliance Aerospace Limited (DRAL) in the Mihan area of Nagpur. These include wings, fuselage section and other important parts.
Also there is a partnership of Reliance with the Theels, where the functions associated with electronic warfare and navigation systems are carried out.
While in the design and manufacture of gas turbine-based fighter aircraft engine, it is considered the first major entry of Reliance. (Academies)
Experience Found from Kaveri Engine Program
India has been trying to deliver the long-term indigenous fighter aircraft engine. The Develop Kaveri engine program was launched in the same direction by GTRE.
While the Kaveri engine could not fully achieve the necessary performance standards for the Tejas fighter aircraft, this project gave India a significant experience in the field of gas turbine technology.
The progress has also been recorded on the Afterburning edition of Kaveri in recent years. AMCA engine program is being viewed as the next link to the same technical experience. (Academies)
Why is it important for India?
The fighter jet engine is counted in the world’s most difficult military technology. A few select countries like the US, Russia, UK, France and China have the ability to completely develop the indigenous fighter aircraft engine.
AMCA engine program is being considered part of the National Aero Engine Mission. Its estimated cost is more than $5 billion. (Academies)
From Nepal Diplomacy to India-China Border Talks: Why is the New Role Is Drawing Attention Amid Arunachal Tensions (Image for representational purpose only. AI-Generated Image)
Hou Yanqi WMCC: The 36th meeting of Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs (WMCC) held in New Delhi on 6th August. This meeting was important for many reasons. The first reason was that the faceoff discussion occurred during petroling between Indian and Chinese soldiers in the upcoming area of the Upper Subbansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh. The second reason was the Chinese delegation led by Hou Yanki, whose name is associated with China’s extremely active and controversial diplomacy in Nepal.
While the question arises that India’s anti-government in Nepal has been surrounded by allegations Why is China entrusted with the responsibility of the most important department of border matters and does it indicate a change in China’s border policy.
Who are Hou Yanqi WMCC?
Hou Yanki studied Urdu language from Peking University of Beijing. In 1996 he joined the Ministry of External Affairs of China. He also worked in Los Angeles in the U.S. after playing various diplomatic responsibilities in Pakistan.
Hou Yanki, a specialist in South Asian Affairs, was appointed as the Ambassador of China in Nepal from December 2018 to 2022. At that time, KP Sharma was the Government of Oli in Nepal and India-Nepal relations were already stressful on many issues.
Hou Yanki played an exceptionally active role while living in Nepal. He was not only limited to diplomatic meetings but is constantly visible in the expansion of Nepal’s politics, economic projects and China-Nepal relations.
2020 Blackwater, transcript map dispute
The Nepal government released the new political map in May 2020. In this map BlackwaterThe Script and Limpiadura were shown part of Nepal. Later, the Parliament of Nepal also approved it through constitutional amendment.
It was the time when the tension between India and China was rising in Ladakh and the occurrence of the Galvan Valley. The Indian strategic circles made the assumption that the move of Nepal received China’s indirect support.
At that time, the then Prime Minister of Hou Yanki Nepal KP Sharma Oli And the ruling Nepal was constantly in touch with communist party leaders.
Indian intelligence agencies claimed that Hou Yanki had played a role in supporting the move of Nepal. His then Prime Minister K.P. Sharma was direct access to Oli and ruling Nepal communist party leaders. And they often went to the residence of the Prime Minister’s Office and the Oli and were constantly exposed to many senior leaders of the Party.
The new map was not only to be released by Nepal around the military tension between India and China in Gallwan Valley in June 2020. (Hou Yanqi WMCC)
Trying to Increase China’s Impact in Nepal
In the tenure of Hou Yanki China pushed projects involving Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Nepal. During the Covid-19 pandemic, China’s vaccine deplomacy also played an important role.
China’s presence in many public projects, education institutions and infrastructure programs in Nepal grew. Meanwhile, the military cooperation between China and Nepal also appeared to grow.
In a program of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in Kathmandu in May 2020, the then Army Chief General of Nepal was built the Chief Guest. Hou Yanki was also in the major role in the event.
In December 2025, Hou Yanki was made the Director General of Boundry and Ocean Affairs Department of the Ministry of External Affairs of China. This is the department that handles border cases involving India, Bhutan and other neighboring countries.
Prior to them there were Hong Liang, who was considered relatively professional and less controversial diplomat.
The 35th WMCC meeting in Beijing in May 2026 and the Chinese delegation led by Hou Yanki at the 36th WMCC meeting held in New Delhi in August 2026.
The Indian side led by the Joint Secretary (Eastern Asia) Sujit Ghosh of the Ministry of External Affairs in both meetings.
Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs (WMCC) was established in 2012. The objective is to maintain dialogue on issues associated with the real control line (LAC) between India and China, improve border management and prevent any stressful situation from growing.
Through this system both countries discuss issues related to border management, patrolling, communication mechanisms, local military contacts and bordering. (Hou Yanqi WMCC)
What happened in the 36th meeting
6th August 2026 in New Delhi WMCC In the meeting both countries reviewed the status of LAC.
India said in its official statement that peace and stability in border areas is necessary for the development of relations of both countries.
India also said that existing diplomatic and military mechanisms should be used only to maintain contact but not to resolve pending issues and to avoid misunderstandings and misconducts on LAC.
Here is an important difference in India and China’s statements. (Hou Yanqi WMCC)
Differences in India and China statements
"India and China held 36th meeting of Consultancy and Coordination Mechanism (WMCC) on India-China border matters in New Delhi. The two sides exchanged ideas on issues such as border fixation, border management and control, development of various mechanisms and border cooperation. Both countries agreed to work together to maintain contact with diplomatic and military mediums and maintain peace and stability in border areas. "Hou Yanqi WMCC"
On the contrary, there were two additional things in India’s statement.
First, pending issues need to be resolved. Secondly, the need to avoid misunderstandings and wrong assessments on the LAC.
"Two sides openly discussed and reviewed the status of the real control line (LAC)," India said in its official statement. It was emphasized that maintaining peace and stability in border areas is essential for the overall development of India-China relations. ""
"Two countries agreed that the use of existing diplomatic and military channels including WMCC, local commander level meetings and other agreed mechanisms will be continued to avoid any misconception or misconduct assessments on the pending issues and LAC. ""
In order to the results of the 24th Special Representative (SR) negotiations, both sides discussed in detail the issues associated with border determination, border management, development of various mechanisms and border-cross cooperation. ""
"The Indian side reiterated the need to hold the next meeting of Expert Level Mechanism on border-cross rivers early and emphasized the importance of sharing technical information associated with China’s upstream projects. ""
The difference between the two statements suggests that India is not only talking about negotiations but also wants concrete results from negotiations. (Hou Yanqi WMCC)
Home
India’s constant emphasis on trans-border rivers
In both 35th and 36th meetings, India took the issue of trans-border rivers prominently.
India also emphasized the need to share technical information of China’s upstream projects by moving one step further from the 36th meeting. This issue is important because there are many major rivers in the Tibet region, which later enter India.
So, 35th Meeting After the statement issued on behalf of India said, the meeting discussed issues related to border determination, border management, strengthening various coordination mechanisms and cross-border cooperation. India emphasized the need to call the next meeting of expert level mechanisms (Expert Level Mechanism) associated with cross-border rivers. ""
While there was no mention of this topic in China’s official statement. (Hou Yanqi WMCC)
First Large Meeting After Tilling Faceoff
The meeting of the Upper Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh Tilling After the faceoff in the area occurred. At the end of June 2026, a local organization called NAH Welfare Society (NWS) wrote a letter to the administration that the Chinese army has created roads, bridges and temporary frameworks in some places in the region.
The organization called the areas such as Oying, Paniyar, Marpan, Poterang Lake and Tindingtang, said that these places were first under Indian control and hold pasture, hunting and religious importance to locals. The organization was alleged that China has been gradually increasing its presence in the region for the past several years.
While the Indian Army rejected these claims immediately. The military said that the news of sugar infiltration and new camps in Arunachal Pradesh are not correct and there is no solid foundation in support.
On 25th July 2026, Manana-Samana (Phaseoff) had occurred during petroling between Indian and Chinese troops in the Upper Subbansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh. This position remained for about two weeks. While the Indian Army did not confirm any major confrontation or infiltration.
The issue on behalf of India was raised in the 36th WMCC meeting on India-China border cases in New Delhi on 6th August after the 25th July faceoff.
China stopping patrol!
Reheated this issue in August 2026. The Fact-Finding team of locals and the People’s Party of Arunachal (PPA) alleged that PLA has prevented access of Indian seals to Indian patrol points like Shara 5 Point. In 2023, the Indian side had gone back after Manana-Samana, and since then the PLA removed the Indian mark. The reports of alleged infiltration were also reported in Puker La and Olo. (Hou Yanqi WMCC)
India renames 27 places next day of meeting
On 7th August 2026, the Government of India recorded 27 places of Arunachal Pradesh and the official name of geographical areas in the maps of Sarvae of India. These include places like Thug La, Dzo La, Ridge La, Puker La, Maja Village, Bisa, Longju, Sanbo Sarovar Lake and Lion-e-Thapa Monument. As per the Ministry of Home Affairs, it aims to ensure the correct identity of these locations and make the official record clear.
Although China has been releasing the Chinese and Tibetan names of different locations in Arunachal Pradesh for the past several years. China to Arunachal Pradesh "Angry" or "Southern Tibet" says. China has declared new names of more than 100 locations in six phases from 2017.
India says that only changing the name does not change the situation on the ground. India considers Arunachal Pradesh as its integral and inseparable part.
"Arunachal Pradesh is an integral part of India," said Jaeswal, the Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs, in the regular press buffing on August 12. This is an established and undisputed fact. It cannot change the truth by trying to change any claim or name. ""
India has already said several times that there is no legal or real significance of trying to rename by China.
Whereas, the spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs of China, Guo Jiakun said, "The Jangnan region is part of China. China does not accept the so-called Arunachal Pradesh. Issue of new names by India does not change the situation. "Hou Yanqi WMCC"
The Government and the Army silenced.
"China has prevented our military from petroling in many places in Arunachal Pradesh," Rahul Gandhi wrote the opposition leader in the Lok Sabha. This is extremely worrying case. But much more concerned is that Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, Home Minister Amit Shah and Prime Minister Narendra Modi are completely silent on the issue. ""
"The Modi government is trying to suppress this news instead of stopping China and make pressure on the media. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s statement after the event of Galvan Valley to the country is still remembered today, in which he said that China did not even land an inch of India. That statement caused a huge loss to the country. ""
"Every government is engaged in saving its image," he further wrote. Prioritize your image more than the country’s security is dangerous. The Prime Minister should keep the truth in front of the country and make clear answers on the issues related to China. "Hou Yanqi WMCC"
Former Union Minister also asked the government
Former Union Minister and former Home Secretary R.K. Singh has expressed concern about the Shera-5 petroling point in the upcoming area of Arunachal Pradesh. He said the Indian Army has stopped petroling there and China has strengthened its position in that area. According to RK Singh, regular patrol at a petroling point symbolizes India’s regional claim. If the petroling stops and the army on the other hand is activated there, it may affect the claim of India.
He questioned who decided to stop petroling at Shera-5 and whether the government was sanctioned for it. R.K. Singh asked Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. He also asked whether after 2014 only Shara-5 is such a case or even on other petroling points. (Hou Yanqi WMCC)
Indian Army Small Arms Accidents, Raises Concerns Over Aging INSAS Rifles and Quality Control Failures.
Indian Army Small Arms Accidents: 269 Hands connected with small arms used in the Indian Army have made serious questions on the defense production system and quality control system. The 54th report of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of Parliament has revealed that a total of 269 accidents associated with four major Small Arms of the Army were recorded during the next five years from the year 2015-16. According to the report, the rising age of the arms behind these events, the dams in manufacturing qualities, the use of substandard raw mals and the delay in the investigation process remained responsible for many reasons.
CAG’s 2023 report number-5 was reviewed in the Defence Ministry’s Department of Defence Production and the functioning of Government Defence Production Units. The report has been questioned about the processes associated with the functioning and arms construction of the Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited (AWEIL).
Indian Army Small Arms Accidents: Which weapons have the most problems?
PAC Report According to the investigation found that in many cases the quality of significant spares of arms was not consistent with the standards laid down. Defect Investigation Committee described the quality of components behind accidents, the difference in hardness parameters and not conforming to the specification of input material.
The report specifically mentions cases associated with 5.56 MM INSAS rifle. 14 of the 26 different investment cases examined during the audit were associated with INSAS rifle. These had problems such as bursting within the chamber of the Cartridge Case, elevating the housing body and cracking in thebrech block and barrel extensions.
It was also found that many of the problems were caused by metallurgical shortcomings, differences in hardness and skins in heat treatment process. Indian Army Small Arms Accidents
22 years old rifles used
Ministry of Defence told Pac that most of the defence investment report included INSAS The rifles were built in the year 1998, 1999 and 2003. This means that many weapons were over 22 years old.
Standard 22 years or 10,000 round firing is complete, whichever is earlier, to remove INSAS rifle from service as per the Ministry. In many cases, the weapons had completed their prescribed service life or approached it. The report stated that the malfunctions in such old weapons were caused by many accidents. Indian Army Small Arms Accidents
The resentment of the PAC on delay in investigation
The report has not only talked about technical shortcomings, but the delay in the investigation process has also been reported to be severe.
Any weapon accident report should be prepared within 30 days as per normal rules. But in many cases, the checks were long enough to delay the chordination between the User Unit, Ordn Factory, DRDO and Quality Agencies.
The Pac said that the Defact Investigation Committee failed to complete the investigation in time and apply immediate corrective steps. This results in re-arrangement in many cases.
As per the data available after corporateization, it took a time of 11 months between the defaults entered and the check report sharing in some cases. The term component took three months in the FY 2022-23, while the average half six months gap was observed in cases recorded in 2025-26. Indian Army Small Arms Accidents
Reduction in Quality Control System
The CAG Audit also has questioned the functioning of West Bengal-based Rifle Factory Ishapur.
In the Quality Assurance Plan as per the report where 100 percent of the input material was mandatory, the quality control section of the factory was only examining the sample based. This could penetrate the defective material production process.
PSYConsidered that regular quality checks should occur only during the production process instead of inspecting at the last stage, so that the imperfections can be caught at the initial level. Indian Army Small Arms Accidents
Army demand decreasing, vacant factories capacity
Another important fact is revealed in the report. During the year 2015-16 to 2019-20, the Indian Army sent a lot of demand for many major weapons or not demanded in some cases.
5.56MM INSAS Rifle, 5.56MM Light Machine Gun and 9MM Auto Pistol like Arms for Army stake only 10 per cent of total supply.
Due to this, government weapon factories mainly depend on the order of the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Paramilitary Forces. In spite of the production capacity is not used. INSAS and LMG Production Units have access to maximum utilization rate of 29 per cent. Indian Army Small Arms Accidents
Loss of Rs 366 crore
The impact of the supply at lower demand and lower cost was also on the financial situation. According to the report, Rifle Factory Ishapur, Small Arms Factory Kanpur and Ordnance Factory Tiruchirapalli lost a total of Rs 366 crore in the production of 12 major weapons during the year 2015 to 2020.
In this period, the price of many products was lower than the actual production cost, thereby increasing financial pressure.
Inventory of Rs 641 crore
The audit also revealed that the inventory deposit of Rs 641 crore in the three factories till 31st March 2020. It was about 72 percent of the total production cost of these units.
According to experts such a large amount of stock deposit reflects the lack of balance between demand and production plan. Indian Army Small Arms Accidents
AWEIL made after corporateization
Year 2021 Ordnance Factory BoardAfter the corporateization of the Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited i.e. AWEIL was formed.
This company now undertakes eight production units including Small Arms Factory of Kanpur, Rifle Factory Ishapur, Ordnance Factory Tiruchirapalli and Ordnance Factory Project Korwa.
The Ministry of Defence told Pac that quarterly review meetings are now being held at the headquarter level. As well as efforts to enhance coordination between the Directorate General of Quality Assurance and other agencies are being made. Indian Army Small Arms Accidents
What is PAC recommended?
PAC said that only increasing production is not enough. Quality, reliability and timely investigation arrangement in weapon construction should be given the same importance.
The committee has recommended to create a multi-year roll-on demand plan between the Army, Ministry of Home Affairs, State Police Forces and the AWEIL to avoid sudden fluctuations in demand and better use of production capacity.
The report also stated that Small Arms Manufacturing Units need to be strengthened to improve consumer control, supply chain management and technical processes. Indian Army Small Arms Accidents
IAF’s Secret 1985 MiG-21 Mission Deep Inside PoK (Image for representational purpose only. AI-Generated Image)
IAF Skardu became the Indian Air Force Mission in Kargil War 1985: 1999 Operation White SeaWeb Series is getting rid of netflix these days. The complex military action such as low-level night bombing was carried out in the hillside for the first time in this operation. But very few people know that Indian Air Force had run a risky mission within Pakistan Authorised Kashmir (PoK) nearly 14 years before Kargil War, which had raised significant information on Pakistan’s activities in Sichen.
The mission of the Indian Air Force number-101 Squadron in 1985, which is "Falcons" Known by the name, he gave Anzam. The Mig-21M fighter plane of the Soviet origin was used in this mission. The aim of the mission was to mobilize millitory structure photographs associated with the Scardu Airbase and its so as to explain the activities of Pakistan in the Sichen.
IAF Skardu 1985: Enhanced Skardu Mission after Operation Maggot
India in April 13, 1984 Operation melodyStarted. Under this operation, the Indian Army had achieved strategic edge over the world’s highest battlefield Sichen Glacier. After this, Pakistan had also started increasing its military activities in the region.
Sardu, located close to Siachin, was an important Military Centre for Pakistan. It is about 100 kilometres from the Ilaka control line located in the Gilgit-Baltistan area and about 230 kilometres northwest from Leh. Here were a large airbase, logistic facilities and many military units.
ShyokSindhu is a large subsidiary river that originates from the Rimo Glacier in East Karakoram and flows from northern Ladakh into the Gilgit-Baltistan and then gets into the Indus river near Skardu. Scardru is at a height of 7,300 feet. While the height of the Leh Airbase is 10,680 feet.
For the Indian military planners, it was necessary to know what level of activities are running in Skardu and what aircraft and military resources are deployed there. (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
Mig-21 flights loaded at extremely low altitude
A number-101 squadron, according to information found from formulas MIG-21M The type-96 aircraft was sent to the special reconciliation i.e. Hawaii Tohi Mission.
A special pod was imposed under the plane, with Winton-751 panoramic camera fit. This camera was able to take frequent photos of the large area.
During the mission Mig-21 adopted the way of the Shyok Valley. The aircraft was flying from the ground with extremely fast speeds at a height of about 200 feet only. The purpose of flight at such low altitude was to avoid the Pakistani radar.
The pilot guided way with the help of maps and visual identification points instead of modern navigation systems. Advance navigation support was not available in this area at that time. (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
Direct flight over the Scardu
After reaching the Scardu MIG-21 Flyed a straight and fast flight over the airfield. During this time, the camera recorded detailed photos of runway, military framework and surrounding areas.
According to reports the camera was already activated and he was constantly taking photos. The information of aircraft, logistic facilities, and other military activities present therein was raised from the state of the Scardru Airbase.
This mission was not just an example of courage but a result of an extremely accurate military plan. Flight Path, radar coverage, threat assessment and return way was already fixed. (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
Second Fighter Jets Covered
This mission was not run alone. The second fighter planes also covered security. The Command Wing Commander of No.-101 Squadron at that time was near Jeffrey Reginald Macero. He was commissioned in the Indian Air Force in 1966 under the 96th Pilot Course and was the commanding officer of Squadron from 1984 to 1987.
After this batch, the first Mirage-2000 squadron commanding officer of the Indian Air Force also came out. In the year 1985 when the Mirage-2000 fighter aircraft were included in the number-7 squadron after the Gwalior transfer from Chandigarh, the same batch officials played a key role in advancing this new potential.
Formation of two Mig-21 aircraft was included in this mission and both aircraft returned securely without any challenge. (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
Photos Changed
The most important aspect of this mission was the information that received through photos.
The film was developed on the next day of the mission. The photographs showed the correct conditions of the Scardu Airfield. To provide proof of ongoing activities.
The photographs revealed that the gun positions were previously considered to be inactive. In this way, a Hawaiian Towhi Mission provided significant information about Pakistan’s military preparations. (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
Winton-751 camera had mission of real strength
The Winton-751 panoramic camera used in the mission was considered the state-of-the-art technology of that round.
It was applied in a modified 800 liter drop tank. The camera had an image motion computer technology, which did not blur photos despite the sharp speed.
The pilot could control the camera from the cockpit. He could change the frame rate and decide the number of photos as needed.
The camera was able to take pictures of about 60 degrees area on both sides of the flight path. It could be surveyed in a short period of time. (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
Sonic Boom above Islamabad
The incidents of driving the Tohi Mission have been very little publicly emerged by the Indian Air Force during a peaceful time. However, Indian Air Force’s Mig-25R Tohi aircraft has been used for such missions for a long time. The aircraft could fly almost from the speed of the Mac-3 and operate at a height that most of Pakistan and China’s missiles could not target it at that time.
Similarly, a churched mission is mentioned in the year 1997, when a Mig-25R pilot allegedly crossed the speed of deliberate sound over Islamabad and created the "Sonic Boom". The incident had also questioned Pakistan’s air defense system. (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
101 Squadron's Long History
The name of the number-101 squadron "Falcons" is derived from the trained hunter arm made on his symbol icon. This emblem is considered as a symbol of sharp eye and the ability to accurately attack. It was the first dedicated photo tohi unit of Indian Air Force.
No.101 Squadron has been one of the most prestigious Units of Indian Air Force. It was started in January 1948 as a photo reconciliation flight.
At that time Squadron Spitfire blows the aircraft. In April 1950, it got full squadron status.
इसके बाद इस यूनिट ने हार्वर्ड, वैम्पायर, एसयू-7 और मिग-21 जैसे कई विमान उड़ाए। 1962 में हिमालयी सीमाओं पर टोही मिशन, 1965 के भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध में आदमपुर एयरबेस से बमबारी अभियान और 1971 के युद्ध में पश्चिमी मोर्चे पर महत्वपूर्ण कार्रवाई में इस स्क्वाड्रन की भूमिका रही।
इसके बाद स्क्वाड्रन ने सोवियत मूल के एसयू-7 ग्राउंड अटैक विमान अपनाए और सुपरसोनिक युग में प्रवेश किया। वर्ष 1971 के भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध में इसी एसयू-7 विमान के साथ फाल्कन्स ने पश्चिमी मोर्चे के छंब सेक्टर में पाकिस्तानी टैंकों, तोपों की तैनाती और सैनिक जमावड़ों पर हमले किए। इस शानदार प्रदर्शन के कारण स्क्वाड्रन को “फाल्कन्स ऑफ छंब” के नाम से पहचान मिली। (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
स्कार्दू मिशन और कारगिल का संबंध
सैन्य इतिहासकारों के अनुसार 1980 के दशक में विकसित हुई टोही तकनीकों और अनुभवों ने बाद में भारतीय वायुसेना की अन्य युनिट्स को भी फायदा पहुंचाया।
कारगिल संघर्ष के दौरान नंबर-17 स्क्वाड्रन “गोल्डन एरोज” ने पहले फोटो रिकॉनिसेंस और बाद में लो-लेवल नाइट बॉम्बिंग मिशन डेवलप किए। दोनों स्क्वाड्रनों ने अलग-अलग समय पर मिग-21 का इस्तेमाल किया और बाद में दोनों को राफेल लड़ाकू विमान मिले।
आज नंबर-17 स्क्वाड्रन अंबाला में और नंबर-101 स्क्वाड्रन पूर्वोत्तर क्षेत्र में राफेल ऑपरेट कर रही हैं। (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
राफेल युग में पहुंची फाल्कन्स स्क्वाड्रन
साल 1981 में स्क्वाड्रन को मिग-21एम लड़ाकू विमानों से लैस किया गया। इसके बाद यूनिट को सिरसा एयरबेस ट्रासंफर किया गया। साल 2002 में यह फिर से आदमपुर लौट आई। कई दशकों तक सेवा देने के बाद साल 2011 में स्क्वाड्रन को “नंबर-प्लेट” कर दिया गया, जिसका अर्थ है कि यूनिट को निष्क्रिय कर दिया गया। ऐसा उसके मिग-21एम विमानों के सेवा से हटने के बाद किया गया था।
इसके बाद जून 2021 में इसे दोबारा सक्रिय किया गया। नई शुरुआत के साथ स्क्वाड्रन को राफेल लड़ाकू विमान मिले। यह भारतीय वायुसेना की दूसरी राफेल स्क्वाड्रन बनी।
हाल ही में फाल्कन्स स्क्वाड्रन ने बंगाल की खाड़ी, हिंद महासागर और तिमोर सागर के ऊपर लगभग 7,000 किलोमीटर की उड़ान भरते हुए ऑस्ट्रेलिया के डार्विन में आयोजित एक्सरसाइज पिच ब्लैक में हिस्सा लिया। इस बहुराष्ट्रीय सैन्य अभ्यास में 21 देशों के करीब 100 विमान और 2,500 सैन्यकर्मी शामिल थे।
1985 का स्कार्दू टोही मिशन भारतीय वायुसेना के उन दुर्लभ अभियानों में गिना जाता है, जिनके बारे में आधिकारिक जानकारी सीमित है, लेकिन इसेस पता चलता है कि सियाचिन क्षेत्र में रणनीतिक जानकारी जुटाने के लिए उस दौर में कितनी मुश्किल और जोखिम भरी हवाई कार्रवाइयां की गई थीं। (IAF Skardu Mission 1985)
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